
This blog show how to add user properties to Google Analytics 4, aka GA4, will demo how to use `gtag` or use google tag manager to archieve this, also at each way will show how the actual user properties data show on big query for ga4.

## pre requirement
This blog already your website already setup with ga4 with google tag manager, and `gtag` and `dataLayer` global variables are available at your page.
+ website is setup with ga4.
+ `https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js` is loaded.

## How to use `gtag` to add user properties
Here we'll start how to use `gtag` to add user properties to GA4, and will verify at Big Query as well. 

Following is an example code snippet which will fire ga4 event with user properties, the first line of code is set the user_properties with the key as `favorite_color`, this `favorite_color` we assume is some user specificy related to your site and you want to update to the event you sent to ga4, so we set the `favorite_color` as blue, so the next line is send ga4 event `test_up_data1` to the ga4. 
```
gtag("set", "user_properties", {favorite_color: "blue"});
gtag("event", "test_up_data1", {other_data: "test up properties"});
```

When you run above code from your browser console, you should see ga4 event sending from your browser as below. `ep` is event parameters, and `up` is event properties. 
![send ga4 user_properties event](/images/send-user-properties/img1.png)

How does above show at the Big Query table? You can see in the Big Query table we can see the event we just fire from our browser had received by Big Query, and the user_properties has `favorite_color` and the value exist. Also you notice the page_view and user_engagement event doesn't have that value. These two events are fire by ga4 and automatically collected. 
![send ga4 user_properties and big query](/images/send-user-properties/img2.png)

Now, if you run the same code again at this browser, you'll notice the browser is firing the event but without the user properties `favorite_color` fields.
```
gtag("set", "user_properties", {favorite_color: "blue"});
gtag("event", "test_up_data1", {other_data: "test up properties"});
```
This is the big query result after we made the second gtag request from the browser, although we had the set with the user properties but no user properties had add to the same event. 
![big query with user properties](/images/send-user-properties/img3.png)

### Configure Custom definitions for User Properties
Not sure why use the `gtag` with `set` the user properties has above weird behavior, which only the first event sent to Big Query will has the user_properties, but looks like we need to configure the user property at the GA4 property's `Custom definitions` section.

Following is how we configure the user property at `Custom definitions`, as you can see below we create dimentions name `favorite_color` and the Scope as `User`. 
![Config Custom Dimentions for User Properties](/images/send-user-properties/img4.png)

After set the custom dimentions at GA4 property, it might take sometime then the result will affect, but we did following test as result. The `user_pseudo_id` is session store at the ga4 BQ table, you can we load the page then the browser fire few events `first_visit`, `scroll`, `session_start` and `page_view`, and all of them doesn't have the `favorite_color` at the user_properties table, after page load we fired few same event `test_up_data1` few times, and you can see they all have the `favorite_color` record.

The next is, you can see we fire the `test_up_data` which contains the `favorite_color`, then we also fire another event `test_up_data2` and you can notice this custom event also contains the user properties `favorite_color`, so looks like after we user `gtag` to `set` the user properties with the configuration at the GA4 property, any custom event after the `set` will also fire the same user properties, which make sense that's the user scope of events. 
![User Properties at Big Query](/images/send-user-properties/img5.png)

### What about the page_view events for user properties
We also did another test as below, you can see we start a new session, since the `user_pseudo_id` changed, when we first load the page, you can see the `page_view`'s user_properties is empty, but once we manully run the code above, you can start seeing event with `favorite_color` user properties filled into the automatical collected events, also any other event will also include the same user properties as well, in addition, you can see we load the page again with the same session and the user properties still contains the same `favorite_color` value. 
![User Properties at Big Query](/images/send-user-properties/img6.png)

### GTAG Sample Code
Following is the sample of above code, once you click the button, the subsequent event include page_view will also include the user property `favorite_color`. Also, you need to add `favorite_color` to the custom dimention at ga4 property.
```
<button 
  className="ga4"
>
test_up_data1
</button>

<script>
window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
gtag('js', new Date());
gtag('config', '{Measurement ID}', {
      send_page_view: false
});

var buttonEle = document.querySelector(".ga4");
buttonEle.addEventListener('click', function(e) {
    gtag("set", "user_properties", {favorite_color: "blue"});
    gtag("event", "test_up_data1", {other_data: "test up properties"});
});
</script>
```

### Page load events doesn't contains the user_properties
There's one issue with above code, if you start the page from new session, the page view events doesn't contains the user_properties we have earlier. To solve this we can use dataLayer along with user property at the ga4 configuration.
![Big Query User Property - First Visit](/images/send-user-properties/img7.png)

Here, we define a dataLayer variable as favorite_color, then later create a user property `favorite_color` at the GA4's configuration.
![GA4 Configuration - User Properties](/images/send-user-properties/img7.png)

Now, we just need to add the code to the page during the page load. Also, make the below code before the gtm scripts.
```
// place this code before gtm load scripts.
window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
window.dataLayer.push({
    favorite_color: "green"
})
```

### Conclusion
In summary, if you have GA4 fields are user property, then following below code looks like will be correct implementation.
+ create custom dimension at GA4 property, set the type as user
+ create dataLayer variable for your property
+ create GA4 configuration and set the dataLayer as user property
+ at the code, set the dataLayer value before the gtm script
Now, page view and any subsequent events's user_properties should contain the your new user property type.









User scoped custom demensions in GA4, this blog show how to set user properties in GA4 by using gtag or google tag manager.

How to Set User Properties in GA4


https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/ga4/reference/config

GA4 has its few

## client_id

stored as part of first-party analytics cookie for 2 year, use for identify each user.

```
gtag('set', 'client_id', '123456');
gtag('event', 'test_gtag_set', { test_id: 'client_id'});
```

The `collect?v=2` request's query string key will be `cid`. Big Query column is `user_pseudo_id`, also the cookie `_ga` value will be update to GA.1.1.`123456`.
Update this value, the subsequence request will always set the same value since cookie updated.

## language

by default using the window object's `nagigator.language`'s value.

```
gtag('set', 'language', 'en-ca');
gtag('event', 'test_gtag_set', { test_id: 'language'});
```

The `collect?v=2` request's query string key will be `ul`. BQ column is `device.language` will be update to `en-ca`. The navigator.language won' update.

## page_location

By default using the window object's `document.location`'s value, not sure what condition need to update this value.

```
gtag('set', 'page_location', '/test2');
gtag('event', 'test_gtag_set', { test_id: 'page_location'});
```

The `collect?v=2` request's query string key will be `dl`. BQ column is `event_params.page_location` will be update to `/test2`.

## page_referrer

By default using the window object's `document.referrer`'s value, if is direct come to the site, `document.referrer` should be empty and BQ will have no value.

```
gtag('set', 'page_referrer', 'https://technoapple.com');
gtag('event', 'test_gtag_set', { test_id: 'page_referrer'});
```

The `collect?v=2` request's query string key will be `dr`. BQ column is `event_params.page_referrer` will be update to `https://technoapple.com`, because of `page_referrer` has value, `event_params` will add 2 more values, `medium` value is `referral` and `source` has value is `technoapple.com`.

## page_title

By default using the window object's `document.title`'s value, not sure what condition need to update this value.

```
gtag('set', 'page_title', 'my title');
gtag('event', 'test_gtag_set', { test_id: 'page_title'});
```

The `collect?v=2` request's query string key will be `dt`. BQ column is `event_params.page_title` will be update to `my title`.

## user_id

The user's id provide by the site.

```
gtag('set', 'user_id', '123');
gtag('event', 'test_gtag_set', { test_id: 'user_id'});
```

The `collect?v=2` request's query string key will be `uid`. BQ column is `user_id` will be update to `123`. Once this value is set subsequent gtag request will always contains user_id as `123`.

## user_properties

Additional user preference information, update to 25 additional user properties. name max is 24, value max is 36.

```
gtag('set', 'user_properties', {
  "data1": "1 data"
});
gtag('event', 'test_gtag_set', { test_id: 'user_properties'});
```

The `collect?v=2` request's query string key will be something start with `up`, e.g. `up.data1`. BQ column is `user_properties`, it should contains the object `data1` and value `1 data`.

```
gtag('config', 'G-NFY53GVWDK', {
   'user_properties': {
      "data_10": "10 data"
  }
});
gtag('event', 'test_gtag_set', { test_id: 'user_properties'});
```


View Simple Steps to Setup Google Universal Analytics at Your Web Site.

About GA4 Configuration fields

# About Universal Analytics

This page is showing example of how to setup Universal Analytics for learning purpose, please be aware the Google Universal Analytics will no longer process new data beginning July 1, 2023. You'll have to switch to Google Analytics 4 Property.


## Setup Universal Analytics
If you're first to use Google Analytics, you'll need to setup account, once you have setup google analytic account, you can create property as the screen shows below.

Again, this blog just for learning purpose so choose the Universal Analytics property but mostlikely you'll need to use the GA4 property.

### Setup Property 
![Setup Property](/images/setup-analytics/img1.png)

### Add Basic Information 
![Add Basic Information](/images/setup-analytics/img2.png)

### Setup Tracking Code

At this point, you should be gettting the Google Tracking code snippet, you'll need to setup this to your WebSite, so the site can start tracking for your website.

![Setup Tracking Code](/images/setup-analytics/img3.png)

### Add Tracking Code to Web Page
As the description at the setup Tracking Code, you'll need to copy the Google Tracking Code to any page of your site need tracking.


Following is sample code how to add Google Tag Manager script to the Next.js.

```
import Script from 'next/script'
export default function Nextra({ Component, pageProps }) {
  return (
    <>
      <Script
            strategy="afterInteractive"
            src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-{Your Property ID}' />
      <Script
        strategy="afterInteractive"
        dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{
          __html: `
            window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
            function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
            gtag('js', new Date());
            gtag('config', 'UA-{Your Property ID}');
          `,
        }}
      />
    </>
  )
}

```

### Verify the tracking code

After adding the above tracking code to your site, go back to the Google Analytics and check if there's any record or not.

The above code will sends a pageview to the Google Analytics.
```
gtag('config', '{your tracking ID}');
```


Most of the site already using the Universal Analytics, this blog show how to setup both Universal Analytics and GA4 from Google Tag Manager.

Category Google Analytics

How to Set User Properties in GA4

About GA4 Configuration fields

How to Setup Universal Analytics and GA4 via Google Tag Manager

Setup Google Universal Analytics